this video is about Borobudur temple construction history<br />Borobudur is one of the greatest Buddhist monuments in the world, located in Central Java, Indonesia. Its construction reflects a combination of religious devotion, sophisticated engineering, and Javanese culture during the classical period of Indonesian history. Here’s a detailed overview of its history and construction:<br /><br />1. Historical Context<br />Time Period: Borobudur was built during the Sailendra Dynasty, around 8th–9th century CE (roughly 780–850 CE). This dynasty was known for its support of Mahayana Buddhism and their extensive temple-building projects in Central Java.<br />Cultural Influence: The temple reflects a blend of Indian Gupta and post-Gupta art styles with local Javanese traditions. The architecture and reliefs show strong influences from Indian Buddhist thought, especially Mahayana Buddhism.<br />2. Purpose<br />Borobudur was primarily a Mahāyāna Buddhist pilgrimage site.<br />The temple was designed as a symbolic representation of the Buddhist cosmos, guiding pilgrims through the stages of enlightenment:<br />Kamadhatu (the world of desire)<br />Rupadhatu (the world of forms)<br />Arupadhatu (the formless world)<br />Pilgrims would circumambulate the monument clockwise while ascending its terraces, following the reliefs depicting the life of Buddha and teachings of Buddhism.<br />3. Construction<br />Materials: The structure is made entirely of volcanic stone blocks (andesite), carefully cut and interlocked without mortar.<br />Structure:<br />Base (Kamadhatu): Plain stones with reliefs depicting worldly desires.<br />Middle terraces (Rupadhatu): 4 square terraces and 3 circular terraces with over 1,460 relief panels.<br />Top (Arupadhatu): A large central dome surrounded by 72 Buddha statues inside perforated stupas.<br />Engineering:<br />The builders used interlocking techniques to ensure stability.<br />The temple has an advanced drainage system to prevent water damage.<br />Foundations are designed to support the immense weight of the structure, built on a natural hill.<br />4. Construction Techniques<br />Stones were carved offsite and transported to the location.<br />Reliefs were carved with high precision to narrate stories of Buddhist teachings.<br />The temple demonstrates an understanding of spatial symbolism, representing the Buddhist cosmology in three dimensions.<br />It is aligned slightly northwest-southeast, possibly reflecting celestial or geographical significance.<br />5. Abandonment and Rediscovery<br />Borobudur was abandoned around the 14th–15th century when Islam became dominant in Java.<br />It was rediscovered in 1814 by Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles during the British administration in Java.<br />Restoration efforts have occurred in the 20th century, notably in the 1970s under UNESCO supervision, to preserve its structural integrity and reliefs.<br /><br />Please full watch the story, Like, Share and follow this channel<br /><br />thank you so much
